WEBVTT 00:08.220 --> 00:10.053 Marine mammal collisions are not 00:10.053 --> 00:11.887 anything new . They've primarily 00:11.887 --> 00:14.053 concentrated on large whales . Most of 00:14.053 --> 00:15.998 the risk management has to do with 00:15.998 --> 00:17.942 geographic restrictions , seasonal 00:17.942 --> 00:20.109 restrictions , or slowing ships down . 00:20.109 --> 00:22.220 But what is unique about our research 00:22.220 --> 00:24.659 is that it will provide you with more 00:24.659 --> 00:27.100 accurate data to input into your risk 00:27.100 --> 00:29.180 models . One of the findings that we 00:29.180 --> 00:32.139 had from looking at the literature of 00:32.139 --> 00:34.250 collisions between marine mammals and 00:34.250 --> 00:36.361 manmade objects was that there seemed 00:36.361 --> 00:38.268 to be Different injury mechanisms 00:38.268 --> 00:40.638 across subsets of species . We decided 00:40.638 --> 00:42.757 to focus on the thoracic region . The 00:42.757 --> 00:44.958 thoracic wall we are looking at , we 00:44.958 --> 00:47.180 call it a composite material because it 00:47.180 --> 00:49.347 is made up of different materials . We 00:49.347 --> 00:51.236 use the universal testing machine 00:51.236 --> 00:53.458 because it records the displacement and 00:53.458 --> 00:55.625 the force that is occurring during the 00:55.625 --> 00:57.791 test . We were fortunate enough to get 00:57.791 --> 00:59.791 actual samples from stranded marine 00:59.791 --> 01:02.014 mammals , seals , and a large fin whale 01:02.014 --> 01:01.958 that's stranded thanks to Mystic 01:01.958 --> 01:03.958 Aquarium and the stranding networks 01:03.958 --> 01:06.180 here in the United States . The The set 01:06.180 --> 01:08.347 of experimental materials was made out 01:08.347 --> 01:10.514 of nylon and Ecoflex rubber . This was 01:10.514 --> 01:12.514 meant to mimic the thoracic wall of 01:12.514 --> 01:14.680 marine mammals . The benefit we get in 01:14.680 --> 01:17.096 using artificial materials is that we 01:17.096 --> 01:19.096 are able to eliminate variability . 01:19.096 --> 01:20.929 Since we were doing collision of 01:20.929 --> 01:22.763 aquatic mammals , we chose to do 01:22.763 --> 01:24.763 compression testing . So when we're 01:24.763 --> 01:26.818 talking about testing of materials , 01:26.818 --> 01:28.985 whether it be steels , elastomers , or 01:28.985 --> 01:31.096 even biological material , everything 01:31.096 --> 01:33.318 behaves basically like a spring to us . 01:33.318 --> 01:35.152 We basically apply a load and we 01:35.152 --> 01:37.207 measure . That response is from that 01:37.207 --> 01:39.429 load and by looking at a plot of stress 01:39.429 --> 01:41.485 versus strain , we can determine the 01:41.485 --> 01:43.707 response of the material . What you can 01:43.707 --> 01:43.274 see is that there is a distinct 01:43.274 --> 01:45.330 difference between the first loading 01:45.330 --> 01:47.441 and unloading cycle versus all of the 01:47.441 --> 01:49.274 subsequent ones . The difference 01:49.274 --> 01:51.107 between this first cycle and all 01:51.107 --> 01:53.441 subsequent is called the Mullins effect . 01:53.441 --> 01:55.274 I believe we could be seeing the 01:55.274 --> 01:57.441 Mullins effect in this material due to 01:57.441 --> 01:59.607 some damage that's being caused within 01:59.607 --> 01:59.503 the biological material because this is 01:59.503 --> 02:01.614 the first time that it has seen these 02:01.614 --> 02:03.614 levels of strain . So you're seeing 02:03.614 --> 02:05.559 this stiffer response in the first 02:05.559 --> 02:07.931 cycle resulting in a softening of the 02:07.931 --> 02:09.709 material and a softening of the 02:09.709 --> 02:11.820 response . Existing risk models don't 02:11.820 --> 02:14.098 actually include a physics based input . 02:14.098 --> 02:16.264 And what our research intends to do is 02:16.264 --> 02:18.302 to conclude a physics-based input , 02:18.371 --> 02:21.001 rigid body dynamics as an easy way of 02:21.651 --> 02:24.451 collecting information about the 02:24.451 --> 02:27.162 contact area between geometries 02:27.162 --> 02:28.884 contacting one another and the 02:28.884 --> 02:30.940 resultant forces as they collide and 02:30.940 --> 02:32.884 interact . With one another . What 02:32.884 --> 02:34.995 you're seeing here is an animation of 02:34.995 --> 02:37.162 simulation results from Pikrono . We'd 02:37.162 --> 02:39.162 like to be able to collect the data 02:39.162 --> 02:41.273 across a lot of different vessels , a 02:41.273 --> 02:43.218 lot of different speeds , a lot of 02:43.218 --> 02:45.384 different marine mammal species to see 02:45.384 --> 02:47.606 if the collision severity changes a lot 02:47.606 --> 02:49.773 across that full parameter space . For 02:49.773 --> 02:51.995 future work , it would be really useful 02:51.995 --> 02:54.051 to have input from the marine mammal 02:54.051 --> 02:56.106 community on material properties and 02:56.106 --> 02:58.410 geometry of a lot of different species 02:58.410 --> 03:01.007 of marine mammals . This information 03:01.007 --> 03:04.007 could then be added to the simulations 03:04.007 --> 03:06.518 and models that we have to give further 03:06.518 --> 03:09.167 complexity to those and be able to give 03:09.167 --> 03:13.027 more high fidelity models and a better 03:13.027 --> 03:16.927 prediction of what injury might 03:16.927 --> 03:19.287 happen for a given scenario . The next 03:19.287 --> 03:21.527 steps for our research are to work with 03:21.527 --> 03:23.688 you . So if you're interested in 03:23.688 --> 03:25.799 talking with us and working with us , 03:25.799 --> 03:27.966 please let us know so that we can move 03:27.966 --> 03:29.299 this research further . 03:35.250 --> 03:37.250 Thank you , thank you . Thank you . 03:37.250 --> 03:37.460 Thank you .