WEBVTT

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Hello . Uh My name is Barry Bunch . I'm

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from the environmental lab of the

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Engineering Research Development Center ,

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us Army Corps of Engineers . And I'm

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going to talk to you a little bit today

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about one of our uh water quality

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modeling tools , Ce Q W-2 , CE Q W-2 .

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It's uh one of our numerical model that

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we use for water quality modeling . Now ,

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an overview of CQ W-2 , uh it's a two

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dimensionally longitudely vertically

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hyder water quality model . Basically ,

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that means we take a body of water , we

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cut it into layers and then slices and

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that's how it is represented in the

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model so that we assume that

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within the individual pieces of the uh

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reservoir , things are well mixed

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laterally because the segments go from

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side to side and we can look at things

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as a uh change vertically within the

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water body or longitudinally along the

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water body . Now , we've applied W-2

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for rivers , lakes , reservoirs

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estuaries and just about anything you

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can imagine over time . Now , CE Q W-2

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has a lot of capabilities , the

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longitudinal vertical hyd dynamics and

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water quality for looking at stratified

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and non stratified systems such as

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behind reservoirs or in estuaries , the

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nutrients , dissolved oxygen organic

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matter interactions be used for fish

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habitat to determine uh what conditions

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are available and suitable for

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different kinds of fish . Uh Selective

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withdrawal from stratified reservoir

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outlets , how to withdraw the water

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from different locations in the

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reservoir to obtain the desired

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conditions within the reservoir or

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within the downstream waters . We can

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look at aeration within the system ,

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multiple forms of algae . Zooplankton

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macrophyte has sediment di genesis

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model , generic water quality

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constituents . If you have something

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you just want to look at , we can also

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have internal dynamic uh pipes and

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covert model and hydraulic structures

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weir spillways algorithms uh that you

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can look at how the water exits from

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the dam , how it's withdrawn uh from

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the reservoir through the dam . Uh

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There's also algorithms for dynamic

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shading based upon the topography and

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the vegetative cover . This allows you

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to account for uh the effects

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of topography and vegetation upon uh

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temperature predictions . All right .

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Now , the primary purpose of W-2 is to

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look at water quality in reservoirs and

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reservoir river systems . Uh It

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captures the important vertical and

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longitudinal dynamics in these systems .

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Uh It supports high priority needs for

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the core and other organizations for

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environmental assessments ,

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restorations and management . It lets

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us take a look and see , make a

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prediction based upon the

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proposed uh changes . Someone has to

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look at what are the effects of that or

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how can we best manage a system . And

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then CE Q W-2 provides flow and water

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quality information to help improve the

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management and especially critical

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downstream habitat . Uh because as we

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know what is the water quality

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downstream of the reservoir depends

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greatly on what the water quality in

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the reservoir is . And as it's passed

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downstream , now , uh you know , the

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ideal W-2 application uh would be

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looking at reservoirs where we're

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looking at uh stratification due to

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temperature and uh

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depending upon where the water is

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withdrawn , uh what the temperature is

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coming out . Also , if you have

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stratification , that can have an

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effect upon the dissolved oxygen levels

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within the system . Uh and under

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certain conditions , you know , the

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dissolved oxygen can get so low that

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you can have zones where it's not

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suitable for life . Uh So what can I do ?

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Is there things I can do to prevent

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that from happening by changing where I

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withdraw water or how I time my

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withdrawals to manage this water

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quality behind the the dam . Now ,

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the other thing is , you know , we talk

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about a dam , the water quality . We're

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looking , we're talking about right

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behind the dam , but there's also

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issues further back in the reservoir .

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So that's what W-2 does . It lets us

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look longitudinally look throughout the

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reservoir and see how things change

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with location , with time based on

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different inputs and uh also how those

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changes may be impacted by operations

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on the reservoir . So W-2 simulates

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both the longitudinal well and the

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vertical processes in exchange very

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well . You know , W-2 ideally is

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situated uh best suited for

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uh somewhat long narrow water

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bodies , but , you know , it can be

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used accordingly . But , you know ,

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that's what it's mainly suited for past

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and current applications . W-2 , uh

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it's been widely used by the Corps of

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Engineers for almost 40 years . Uh The

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US GS uses it , the bureau of

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reclamation , the EPA State of

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California and uh pretty much , you

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know , several other states in the

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nation use this model . Uh estimates

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are , there's more than 1100 model

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applications have been developed

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worldwide and reservoirs um

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rivers , estuaries and water bodies

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since uh the model was first released

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in 1986 . And what we also see

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is we have many historic applications

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that those applications are continuing

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to be updated to the later , more

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current versions of the model and

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reapplied and used to address new

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issues that the original developers did

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not see . It's also a research

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tool that uh people at universities and

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other organizations will use to look

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just to understand things . That's why

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W-2 has so many features now . Uh

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because people are using this tool to

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look at different things that go on in

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the natural system and how um you know ,

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issues that come up can be addressed .

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OK . At least 1500 publications cited

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W-2 in the year 22 2022 alone ,

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um including uh All right , water

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temperature modeling platform for the

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California Central Valley project . Uh

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USA CE Northwest division uh

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just in the past few years , Columbia

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River reservoir operations project . Uh

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Columbia River Treaty Project , the

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Philadelphia District has ongoing W-2

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work on the Lehigh River .

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All right , the benefits of W-2 is ,

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it's a tool that lets managers assess

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their system and make decisions that

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how they can operate the system to the

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degree that you know , it gives them

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the ability to have the most uh

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benefit or to obtain the most benefit

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from the operation of the system . Uh

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Predominant feature and model is the

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ability to compute two dimensional

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velocity fields and narrow systems and

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just handle stratification . Uh In

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contrast with models that are zero

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dimensional , uh they can't capture the

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vertical stratification or the

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longitudinal uh variation within a

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system . Uh you know , and as I said ,

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applications include planning studies ,

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environmental impact assessments ,

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restoration , real time operation ,

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decision making .

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OK . Now you can obtain W-2 , it's open

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source publicly public domain model uh

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be obtained . You know , there's a

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github site , uh execute a program can

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be obtained from the site . And then

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there's examples there that one can

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look at and say , OK , here's how the

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model looks and here's how it runs .

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And there's also you can get the source

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code in case someone you know has a

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need and they wanna look at maybe

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adding a feature to a model or

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wondering how something looks , you can

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get a hold of it and see , all right ,

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uh documentation for the model and

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training as user manual . And it's

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also there is one for the auto port or

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um selection methodology that's in a

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capability in the model uh user guide

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for post processing . A lot of effort

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has gone in in the last few years into

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developing post processors that are

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more user friendly because you generate

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a tremendous amount of information with

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this model and with the post processor ,

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you can both view it and then begin to

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understand it and investigate it . And

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then a uh there's also because we have

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such a wealth of historic applications

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there that there are tools that allow

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you to convert a historic application

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inputs to the more current version .

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And we also we've had a uh workshop in

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2022 . Those slides were available and

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there should be a workshop this year

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and I'm sure those slides when they

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become available will be um on , on the

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website .

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OK . There at the bottom of the screen ,

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you can see , you know , just some

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examples of the output that we can look

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at for the model for things like

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dissolved oxygen temperature . And this

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is information that when someone has to

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make decisions about what I need to do

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to operate the system , to maintain a

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cool water supply or to maintain uh

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oxygenation throughout the reservoir .

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This is a tool that lets you make the

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best decisions , you can most informed

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decisions . All right , Acknowledgments

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the development and maintenance . Uh

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The current staff that's working on the

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model . Doctor Wells , uh Doctor Jong

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and uh Isaac Mudge and Loreen Melendez .

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These are the people that are currently

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working on the enhancements and

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developments . And then of the model .

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Uh historically , this model has had a

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numerous people work on it over the

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last 40 years and it continues to be

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used and continues to be a value tool .

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Uh Funding and support were from the

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numerical model maintenance program ,

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ecosystem management restoration , uh

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research program and the aquatic

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nuisance species research program

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dic discovering , developing and

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delivering new ways to make the world

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safer and better every day .