WEBVTT 00:07.540 --> 00:09.429 maybe officials now say there are 00:09.429 --> 00:11.651 reports of fatalities at the Washington 00:11.651 --> 00:13.596 Naval Yard in Washington , D . C . 00:13.596 --> 00:15.651 After a shooter got inside the Naval 00:15.651 --> 00:17.484 Sea Systems Command headquarters 00:17.484 --> 00:19.262 building this morning . Several 00:19.262 --> 00:21.207 injuries are also being reported . 00:21.310 --> 00:23.421 Emergency personnel were on the scene 00:23.421 --> 00:25.643 and a shelter in place order was issued 00:25.643 --> 00:26.977 for Navy Yard personnel 00:31.640 --> 00:35.560 approximately 1600 or 4 p.m. Today . 00:36.240 --> 00:38.540 A soldier assigned the 13th Sustainment 00:38.540 --> 00:41.780 Command Expeditionary Fired shots and 00:41.780 --> 00:44.340 individuals well within the unit areas . 00:44.340 --> 00:47.140 Here , ladies and gentlemen , is 00:47.140 --> 00:49.910 Admiral Hill Rd is indicated . Our Navy 00:49.910 --> 00:52.400 lost 12 teammates during Monday's 00:52.400 --> 00:55.710 attack . These were members of our Navy 00:55.710 --> 00:59.660 family . These were our shipmates . A 00:59.660 --> 01:02.380 member of the Royal Saudi Air Force 01:02.390 --> 01:04.550 entered a building on grounds of the 01:04.560 --> 01:07.460 Pensacola Naval Air Station and killed 01:07.460 --> 01:10.560 three U . S . Sailors and severely 01:10.560 --> 01:13.630 wounded eight other Americans . He was 01:13.630 --> 01:16.190 killed during the attack . This was an 01:16.190 --> 01:19.050 act of terrorism . The evidence shows 01:19.050 --> 01:20.939 that the shooter was motivated by 01:20.939 --> 01:24.730 jihadist ideology was an attack 01:24.730 --> 01:28.110 on innocent Children and defenseless 01:28.110 --> 01:31.430 citizens . It was an act of 01:31.440 --> 01:34.860 cowardice , and it was evil , 01:38.740 --> 01:41.320 as you can see from the video targeted 01:41.320 --> 01:43.610 violence that is motivated by extreme 01:43.610 --> 01:46.400 thinking and ideology , is not just an 01:46.410 --> 01:49.740 issue in society . It is being done at 01:49.740 --> 01:51.950 the hands of active duty members , 01:51.960 --> 01:55.830 military employees and veterans . This 01:55.830 --> 01:58.660 stand down day on extremism is not 01:58.660 --> 02:01.080 about reacting to one event . Like the 02:01.080 --> 02:03.302 recent attack on our nation's capital . 02:03.850 --> 02:05.980 This is a violent trend that has been 02:05.980 --> 02:08.750 going on for years and even decades . 02:10.140 --> 02:12.680 It is also important to understand that 02:12.680 --> 02:16.360 no one just snaps thes air , not 02:16.360 --> 02:18.710 examples of random acts of violence by 02:18.710 --> 02:22.070 madmen . Nor were any of these violent 02:22.070 --> 02:25.210 attacks caused by mental illness alone . 02:25.220 --> 02:27.750 Like many people think , or some in the 02:27.750 --> 02:31.650 media like to say , these types of 02:31.650 --> 02:34.160 attacks are premeditated , predatory 02:34.170 --> 02:37.940 and planned . They are all examples of 02:37.940 --> 02:41.560 targeted violence . Some of these 02:41.560 --> 02:43.730 Attackers were motivated by a specific 02:43.730 --> 02:46.590 ideology . Some were motivated by a 02:46.590 --> 02:49.790 single issue or a grievance . But all 02:49.790 --> 02:52.280 of their thinking had progressed too 02:52.280 --> 02:56.280 extreme . And they all engaged in 02:56.280 --> 02:58.960 behaviors that have been identified by 02:58.960 --> 03:01.890 the research as indicators for targeted 03:01.890 --> 03:04.620 violence . And these behaviors were 03:04.620 --> 03:07.720 observed by others for months and even 03:07.720 --> 03:09.830 years before the violent attack 03:09.840 --> 03:13.660 occurred . We're going to discuss those 03:13.660 --> 03:16.320 indicators in the next section , but 03:16.330 --> 03:19.200 first we need to understand how someone 03:19.210 --> 03:21.770 progresses from simply having a belief 03:21.780 --> 03:24.750 or an opinion and escalates into 03:24.760 --> 03:27.800 becoming a full on extremist . And of 03:27.800 --> 03:29.744 course , we're going to chat about 03:29.744 --> 03:31.689 those psychological and the social 03:31.689 --> 03:34.160 science involved in that progression . 03:35.840 --> 03:38.062 Now let's get into what extremism looks 03:38.062 --> 03:40.280 like and discussed the factors that 03:40.280 --> 03:43.050 potentially make all of us vulnerable 03:43.070 --> 03:45.560 to the process of becoming extreme . 03:46.710 --> 03:48.932 I'm often asked , what are the physical 03:48.932 --> 03:51.820 identifiers of an extremist group ? And 03:51.820 --> 03:53.987 that is a difficult question to answer 03:53.987 --> 03:56.390 because there are so many . There are 03:56.390 --> 03:58.940 so many extremists and hate groups out 03:58.940 --> 04:01.051 there . It's really unfortunate , and 04:01.051 --> 04:03.162 therefore there are a ton assembles , 04:03.162 --> 04:05.480 and we don't have time to cover them 04:05.480 --> 04:08.420 all today . But I encourage you all to 04:08.420 --> 04:11.570 check out the Hate on Display website 04:11.580 --> 04:15.120 at a d l dot org's or anti 04:15.130 --> 04:17.310 definition league . It's a great 04:17.310 --> 04:19.530 database that does list many of the 04:19.530 --> 04:22.130 symbols used by various extremists and 04:22.130 --> 04:25.170 hate groups . Check it out now . I do 04:25.170 --> 04:27.448 want to talk about physical indicators . 04:27.448 --> 04:29.480 In general , extremist groups 04:29.480 --> 04:32.320 strategically use symbology for a 04:32.320 --> 04:35.660 number of reasons . Symbols are an 04:35.660 --> 04:38.510 extension of language that is visual , 04:38.520 --> 04:41.060 easily digestible , meaning it's easy 04:41.060 --> 04:43.460 to understand , and it's catchy 04:44.940 --> 04:47.520 symbols are also often used to try to 04:47.520 --> 04:50.020 avoid detection from others , like law 04:50.020 --> 04:53.010 enforcement . Basically , symbols are 04:53.010 --> 04:55.430 used to construct a shared identity , 04:55.680 --> 04:58.020 reinforced that identity and then 04:58.020 --> 05:01.930 validate it . Extremist groups use 05:01.930 --> 05:04.041 symbols to identify membership in the 05:04.041 --> 05:06.230 in group . They use it for recruitment 05:06.230 --> 05:09.160 purposes and for propaganda activities . 05:10.440 --> 05:12.750 It comes in the form of all kinds of 05:12.750 --> 05:15.970 things . Could be numbers , objects , 05:15.980 --> 05:19.910 figures , emblems , logos . Often 05:19.910 --> 05:21.966 they'll have mission statements . Or 05:21.966 --> 05:24.840 maybe they'll use acronyms . Emojis you 05:24.840 --> 05:28.400 name it . Now symbols can be seen in 05:28.400 --> 05:31.260 the form of things like tattoos , 05:31.270 --> 05:34.580 flags , stickers , shirts , 05:34.600 --> 05:37.940 hats , patches , badges . Really 05:37.940 --> 05:41.710 anything . In many cases , an extremist 05:41.710 --> 05:44.730 group develops its own internal lexicon 05:44.740 --> 05:47.670 or language that will include specific 05:47.670 --> 05:50.830 terms to identify the in group and the 05:50.830 --> 05:54.710 targeted out group . Nowadays we see 05:54.710 --> 05:57.370 lots of memes and hashtags on social 05:57.370 --> 06:00.260 media that include extremist symbology . 06:00.940 --> 06:03.200 Since we care realistically show you 06:03.200 --> 06:05.630 all the different symbols , we're gonna 06:05.640 --> 06:08.050 instead focus on the behaviors . 06:09.240 --> 06:11.660 Focusing on behaviors is the best way 06:11.660 --> 06:14.740 to identify extremism . You also want 06:14.740 --> 06:17.040 to be sure that you are not profiling a 06:17.040 --> 06:19.760 certain type of person based on their 06:19.760 --> 06:22.740 personal attributes or physical traits , 06:22.750 --> 06:25.240 who they are you want to focus on the 06:25.240 --> 06:28.160 what , not the who on the behaviors . 06:30.040 --> 06:32.150 We're going to briefly discuss 06:32.160 --> 06:34.327 behaviors of extremists identified and 06:34.327 --> 06:37.140 evidence based research . But first , 06:37.340 --> 06:39.540 let's discuss with some basic risk 06:39.540 --> 06:42.210 factors for really any kind of harmful 06:42.210 --> 06:46.170 behavior to include extremism and 06:46.180 --> 06:48.770 that make individuals more vulnerable 06:48.770 --> 06:52.360 to radicalization in general . So these 06:52.360 --> 06:54.710 air things like stressors , the more 06:54.710 --> 06:56.766 stressors someone is dealing with in 06:56.766 --> 06:58.877 their life , the more vulnerable they 06:58.877 --> 07:01.390 are to really any type of harmful 07:01.390 --> 07:04.420 behavior to include extremism . In some 07:04.420 --> 07:07.100 cases , an individual may be 07:07.100 --> 07:08.933 experiencing something called an 07:08.933 --> 07:12.000 identity crisis . Perhaps they feel 07:12.010 --> 07:14.880 like they can't find a meaning in life 07:14.880 --> 07:17.010 or who they are . Or maybe there's a 07:17.010 --> 07:19.340 desire for status , those air , all 07:19.340 --> 07:21.430 some basic risk factors that make 07:21.440 --> 07:23.273 people vulnerable to things like 07:23.273 --> 07:26.620 extremism . Ah , Big One insecurity . 07:26.630 --> 07:29.320 We all know that bully that has to put 07:29.320 --> 07:32.380 others down . That is a huge sign of 07:32.380 --> 07:35.720 insecurity or the individual who has to 07:35.720 --> 07:37.750 make fun of something . Say this 07:37.750 --> 07:40.070 training someone's out there making fun 07:40.070 --> 07:42.360 of this training . That's a huge sign 07:42.840 --> 07:45.950 of insecurity now , like we mentioned 07:45.950 --> 07:48.500 before wanting to belong . But if 07:48.500 --> 07:50.840 somebody can't find a pro social thing 07:50.840 --> 07:53.290 to belong to . That's a general risk 07:53.290 --> 07:55.030 factor for harmful behavior or 07:55.030 --> 07:58.330 extremism . Another one is having 07:58.330 --> 08:01.210 emotional or mental health issues , and 08:01.210 --> 08:04.520 not by itself . We all struggle from 08:04.520 --> 08:08.330 time to time . But when it's combined 08:08.330 --> 08:10.750 with other risk factors , that's when 08:10.750 --> 08:12.750 it can make us vulnerable to things 08:12.750 --> 08:15.510 like extremism . And , of course , 08:15.520 --> 08:18.100 having an US versus them mentality . 08:18.640 --> 08:20.751 That's a big risk factor for any kind 08:20.751 --> 08:22.584 of harmful behavior , especially 08:22.584 --> 08:26.220 extremism . Another general risk factor 08:26.220 --> 08:28.110 would be any kind of social or 08:28.110 --> 08:31.060 emotional emotional isolation , 08:31.440 --> 08:34.270 isolation . Perhaps somebody is 08:34.270 --> 08:37.320 isolating from people or they're just 08:37.320 --> 08:39.360 not showing any kind of emotion . 08:39.940 --> 08:42.160 Perhaps there's general instability in 08:42.160 --> 08:45.010 their life . Or maybe there's a 08:45.010 --> 08:47.100 negative family or social situation 08:47.100 --> 08:49.720 going on again . If they don't have a 08:49.720 --> 08:52.280 good social network or family to fall 08:52.280 --> 08:54.590 back on , that could be a general risk 08:54.590 --> 08:57.400 factor for harmful behavior or 08:57.400 --> 09:00.960 extremism . All right , so now let's 09:00.960 --> 09:03.740 discuss some specific risk factors for 09:03.740 --> 09:07.570 extremism . Dr . Reid Meloy is a threat 09:07.570 --> 09:10.050 assessment and extremist expert who has 09:10.050 --> 09:12.210 been researching topics related to 09:12.210 --> 09:14.960 targeted violence , extremism and 09:14.960 --> 09:18.250 radicalization . For decades , he has 09:18.250 --> 09:20.028 developed a method of assessing 09:20.028 --> 09:22.920 extremism and radicalization , called 09:22.920 --> 09:25.390 the terrorist Radicalization Protocol , 09:25.400 --> 09:29.150 or the Trap 18 , in which he describes 09:29.150 --> 09:31.050 10 behavioral characteristics of 09:31.050 --> 09:33.950 extremism or radicalization and also 09:33.960 --> 09:36.150 ate warning behaviors , which again 09:36.150 --> 09:38.094 we're going to discuss in the next 09:38.094 --> 09:40.360 section . But now we want to focus on 09:40.360 --> 09:43.790 those 10 risk factors that are specific 09:43.790 --> 09:46.550 to extremism and radicalization . 09:47.940 --> 09:49.829 The first one is something called 09:49.829 --> 09:52.640 personal grievance with a moral outrage . 09:52.650 --> 09:54.872 And what does that mean ? This means an 09:54.872 --> 09:56.800 individual harbors a perceived 09:56.800 --> 09:59.650 injustice . They feel like they've been 09:59.650 --> 10:02.160 wronged in some way , and they cannot 10:02.160 --> 10:05.290 let it go . Moral outrage is when they 10:05.290 --> 10:08.080 then perceive suffering off the in 10:08.080 --> 10:10.890 group at the hands of the targeted out 10:10.890 --> 10:13.060 group . And again , we're not talking 10:13.060 --> 10:15.040 about a normal grievance . We all 10:15.040 --> 10:17.660 experience grievances from time to time , 10:18.140 --> 10:21.460 but in this situation , the individual 10:21.460 --> 10:25.010 cannot let it go . The next 10:25.010 --> 10:27.010 specific risk factor we're going to 10:27.010 --> 10:29.121 discuss is something called framed by 10:29.121 --> 10:31.390 an ideology . Now this is when the 10:31.400 --> 10:34.280 ideology has consumed the individual 10:34.480 --> 10:36.760 and they start to justify all of their 10:36.760 --> 10:39.930 behavior . T to include feeling 10:39.930 --> 10:42.380 justified in engaging an impermissible 10:42.380 --> 10:45.480 behaviors , or perhaps justified and 10:45.490 --> 10:48.580 advocating for engaging in criminal or 10:48.580 --> 10:50.860 violent acts are actually engaging in 10:50.860 --> 10:52.971 criminal or violent acts themselves . 10:53.440 --> 10:55.840 Remember , they tend to think that 10:55.840 --> 10:58.000 their viewpoint and belief is the 10:58.000 --> 11:00.170 ultimate truth , and all others air 11:00.170 --> 11:03.060 meaningless . Therefore , they may feel 11:03.060 --> 11:05.980 that policies and laws don't apply to 11:05.980 --> 11:09.350 them , and they feel justified in doing 11:09.840 --> 11:11.960 whatever they want based on their 11:11.970 --> 11:15.700 ideology . Now , another specific risk 11:15.700 --> 11:18.270 factor to extremism is something called 11:18.270 --> 11:20.548 failure to affiliate with other groups . 11:20.740 --> 11:22.796 What does this mean ? This basically 11:22.796 --> 11:25.650 means that in many cases you'll see 11:25.660 --> 11:27.760 that the extremists either rejects a 11:27.760 --> 11:30.260 group that they were affiliated with 11:30.270 --> 11:32.380 that had shared their belief for not 11:32.380 --> 11:35.300 being extreme enough or the flip side . 11:35.570 --> 11:37.970 Perhaps a group that the individual was 11:37.970 --> 11:40.980 affiliated with rejects them for 11:40.980 --> 11:44.760 becoming too extreme . Another 11:44.760 --> 11:46.982 risk factor that we see that a specific 11:46.982 --> 11:49.890 to extremism is dependence on the 11:49.890 --> 11:52.180 virtual community . This one's pretty 11:52.180 --> 11:54.810 self explanatory . They rely on the 11:54.810 --> 11:57.240 virtual community because the Internet 11:57.250 --> 11:59.940 allows for all kinds of extremist and 11:59.940 --> 12:03.060 violent rhetoric without consequences . 12:05.040 --> 12:06.930 Another risk factors specific to 12:06.930 --> 12:09.010 extremism . ISS , the awarding of 12:09.020 --> 12:11.690 occupational or educational goals on 12:11.690 --> 12:13.820 what this means is you know , we all 12:13.820 --> 12:16.540 have education and occupational goals , 12:16.550 --> 12:18.920 but someone is drifting into extremism 12:18.930 --> 12:21.730 or who is already there has a harder 12:21.730 --> 12:24.400 time being able to accomplish these 12:24.400 --> 12:27.740 basic life goals . They have a tendency 12:27.740 --> 12:30.570 to blame the targeted out group and see 12:30.580 --> 12:32.970 anything awarding of their goals . AZM 12:32.970 --> 12:35.290 or justification for hostile and 12:35.290 --> 12:38.300 violent action . Now another risk 12:38.310 --> 12:42.260 factor specific to extremism . Failure 12:42.260 --> 12:44.500 of sexually intimate para bonding . Now 12:44.500 --> 12:47.430 this is when an individual may desire a 12:47.430 --> 12:49.850 long term , successful relationship . 12:50.240 --> 12:52.790 But they have problems being able to 12:52.790 --> 12:55.460 form a lasting , intimate relationship 12:55.840 --> 12:58.140 and think about it . If someone who was 12:58.140 --> 13:00.950 framed by an extremist ideology they're 13:00.950 --> 13:03.180 very typical are typically very 13:03.180 --> 13:05.347 difficult to get along with . And , as 13:05.347 --> 13:07.402 you can imagine , that impacts their 13:07.402 --> 13:09.180 ability to find these lasting , 13:09.180 --> 13:11.680 successful relationships . Now , 13:11.680 --> 13:13.902 probably one of the most important risk 13:13.902 --> 13:16.020 factors specific to extremism is 13:16.020 --> 13:18.076 something called changes in thinking 13:18.076 --> 13:20.670 and emotions . This is when you see the 13:20.680 --> 13:24.370 individual becoming Mawr and Mawr 13:24.380 --> 13:26.760 absolute . In their belief system , 13:27.740 --> 13:30.080 they no longer can debate or discuss an 13:30.080 --> 13:33.530 issue without becoming angry . They 13:33.530 --> 13:36.560 tend to preach their views as if it is 13:36.560 --> 13:39.900 the absolute truth . They may show 13:39.900 --> 13:43.350 disdain for and contempt for any other 13:43.350 --> 13:45.870 point of view and was often show 13:45.870 --> 13:48.760 discuss towards anyone that is not in 13:48.760 --> 13:51.380 the in group , they tend to come off as 13:51.380 --> 13:54.380 self righteous and superior to everyone 13:54.380 --> 13:57.960 else . Now , another risk factor 13:58.940 --> 14:01.180 specific to extremism is having a 14:01.180 --> 14:03.124 mental disorder . Now I want to be 14:03.124 --> 14:06.150 clear that when an individual exhibit 14:06.150 --> 14:08.206 symptoms of mental health disorder , 14:08.360 --> 14:12.090 this alone is not the concern , 14:12.540 --> 14:15.720 and it's hardly ever the actual cause 14:15.730 --> 14:18.970 of the extremism . It's when the 14:18.970 --> 14:22.950 mental illness is combined with other 14:22.950 --> 14:25.080 risk factors or warning behaviors . 14:25.090 --> 14:27.840 That's the concern . For example , one 14:27.840 --> 14:31.610 thing we see is when someone 14:31.620 --> 14:34.130 becomes more and more extreme , we may 14:34.130 --> 14:37.070 see higher rates , uh , in mental 14:37.070 --> 14:39.890 illness in those people who adhere to 14:39.890 --> 14:43.560 extremism in a particular concern , as 14:43.560 --> 14:45.504 when there is evidence of suicidal 14:45.504 --> 14:47.860 thinking . In addition to extremist 14:47.860 --> 14:50.710 beliefs and behaviors , suicidal 14:50.710 --> 14:53.090 thoughts and behaviors can easily turn 14:53.090 --> 14:56.080 into motivation for becoming a martyr 14:56.280 --> 14:58.113 and the name of their ideology , 14:58.170 --> 15:00.520 whether it's political , social , 15:00.860 --> 15:04.070 religious or a single issue . Now , 15:04.070 --> 15:06.310 another risk factor to look out for is 15:06.310 --> 15:08.088 something called creativity and 15:08.088 --> 15:11.300 innovation . When an individual moves 15:11.300 --> 15:13.980 into radicalization , they may start to 15:13.980 --> 15:17.960 fantasize about or even start to plan , 15:18.540 --> 15:21.430 engaging in violence and remember they 15:21.430 --> 15:23.810 often desire to get us much attention 15:23.820 --> 15:26.950 to their violent act as possible . This 15:26.950 --> 15:29.290 leads them to thinking of you know , 15:29.290 --> 15:32.020 certain creative ways , innovative ways 15:32.020 --> 15:34.131 to try to commit violence in order to 15:34.131 --> 15:36.020 get a ZMA much attention on their 15:36.020 --> 15:39.800 violent act as possible . Now the 15:39.800 --> 15:41.967 last risk factor that we're gonna talk 15:41.967 --> 15:43.856 about is a history of violence or 15:43.856 --> 15:46.020 criminality . A history of rule 15:46.020 --> 15:48.510 breaking behaviors or past violence 15:48.520 --> 15:51.760 tells us that the individual is already 15:51.760 --> 15:54.120 desensitized or breaking laws and 15:54.120 --> 15:56.670 acting violently . So what's going to 15:56.670 --> 15:58.550 stop them from doing it again 16:00.340 --> 16:02.860 now ? An important point I want to make 16:02.870 --> 16:05.730 is that a risk factor is not the same 16:05.730 --> 16:08.360 thing as a warning behavior or an 16:08.360 --> 16:11.780 indicator . Risk factors increase the 16:11.780 --> 16:14.730 likelihood of an outcome . For example , 16:14.730 --> 16:17.360 it could mean that violence is possible . 16:17.370 --> 16:20.200 Now indicators are warning . Behaviors 16:20.210 --> 16:24.130 indicate proximity to the outcome or 16:24.130 --> 16:26.350 the presence of it . For example , 16:26.440 --> 16:28.780 violence is mawr probable or more 16:28.780 --> 16:31.640 likely to occur or is in the process of 16:31.640 --> 16:34.110 occurring . Now we're going to discuss 16:34.110 --> 16:36.221 those indicators of warning behaviors 16:36.221 --> 16:38.910 later on , but now we're gonna pause 16:38.910 --> 16:41.780 again for a short break to allow you to 16:41.780 --> 16:44.380 discuss another fictional case study 16:44.390 --> 16:47.090 and apply what we just learned now . As 16:47.090 --> 16:49.680 you read this case identify any use of 16:49.680 --> 16:52.580 symbols or any general risk factors 16:52.590 --> 16:55.840 that you hear or see , and also what 16:55.840 --> 16:57.729 risk factors that are specific to 16:57.729 --> 16:59.729 extremism . Can you identify in the 16:59.729 --> 17:00.729 case ? Example ? 17:14.140 --> 17:16.310 Remember , it's best to focus on the 17:16.310 --> 17:20.150 what not the who their behaviors . Also 17:20.150 --> 17:22.261 observing certain behaviors like risk 17:22.261 --> 17:25.580 factors does not automatically mean 17:25.590 --> 17:27.890 that person is going to be the next 17:27.890 --> 17:31.130 domestic violent extremist . But it is 17:31.130 --> 17:33.186 certainly something that you want to 17:33.186 --> 17:35.790 address or call to the attention of 17:35.790 --> 17:39.060 your superiors before that individual 17:39.190 --> 17:42.280 has the opportunity to progress further 17:42.290 --> 17:45.390 into the world of extremism . Now we're 17:45.390 --> 17:47.600 gonna take we're gonna take a look at 17:47.600 --> 17:49.510 what that looks like in the next 17:49.510 --> 17:50.050 section .