As temperatures climb across the country, so does the risk of heat-related illness. Whether Airmen and Guardians are working outdoors, participating in physical training or spending time outdoors with family, taking simple precautions can help prevent injuries that affect personal health, occupational readiness and mission effectiveness.
According to the Air Force Safety Center, summer activities often bring increased exposure to extreme heat. While anyone can experience heat illness, the risk rises during strenuous activity, especially when the body has not had time to adjust to hotter conditions.
“Heat illness doesn't happen only during long workdays,” said Lt. Col. Jill Roser, Air Force Medical Command Public Health Operations chief. “It can happen during a weekend hike, while mowing the lawn or even during a routine workout if you're not prepared.”
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention staying hydrated is one of the most effective ways to protect against heat illness, and hydration should begin before heading outdoors. This includes eating foods that hold a lot of water, such as fruits and vegetables, and, according to the Mayo Clinic, limiting caffeine and sugar intake from soda and some energy drinks, as they can be dehydrating.
Drinking water throughout the day, taking breaks in shaded or air-conditioned areas and gradually increasing activity in hot environments help the body adapt to higher temperatures. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration urges exposure each day over a 7-14 day period for heat adaptation and to maximize the physiologic benefit of acclimatization.
Additionally, recognizing the early signs of heat exhaustion can also prevent a medical emergency. Heavy sweating, dizziness, headache, nausea and muscle cramps are signals to stop activity, move to a cooler location and rehydrate. Without immediate action, heat exhaustion can progress to heat stroke, a life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical care.
Someone experiencing heat illness may not recognize their own symptoms, making peer intervention an important part of preventing serious injury. As outlined in DAFI 48-151, Thermal Stress Program, supervisors and coworkers should stay educated on the signs and symptoms of heat strain, provide first aid, remove the affected colleague from further heat stress exposure, and obtain definitive medical care.
“As we focus on readiness, protecting ourselves from heat is another way we take care of ourselves, the mission, and each other,” Roser said. “Preparation before outdoor activities can make all the difference.”
The Air Force Medical Service encourages personnel to make heat safety part of their daily routine throughout the summer by planning ahead, staying hydrated and knowing when it’s time to cool down.
Know the Signs of Heat Illness
Heat exhaustion
Heat stroke (medical emergency)
Sources: Center for Disease Control and Prevention and Cleveland Clinic